Shock
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Understanding and Treating Shock
What is Shock?
Shock is defined as a lack of oxygen to the body's tissues. It can be caused in various ways and there are different types of shock. The main types include:
- Hypovolemic Shock: Caused by a lack of blood content in the system.
- Neurogenic Shock: Caused by a problem within the brain.
- Cardiogenic Shock: Caused by a problem around the heart.
Hypovolemic Shock
Hypovolemic shock occurs when a person has lost a significant amount of blood. This reduces the amount of blood circulating in the body, and therefore, the amount of oxygen available to the tissues. Symptoms include:
- Rapid but weak pulse
- Blue or grey extremities and skin (Cyanosis)
- Stress and anxiety
- Sweating
- Dizziness and nausea
- Vomiting
First Aid for Hypovolemic Shock
To treat someone experiencing hypovolemic shock:
- Move them to a safe place, such as the floor, to prevent injury if they pass out.
- Calm them down.
- Elevate their legs 15 to 30 cm to allow blood to drain to the vital organs.
- Keep them warm with a blanket, coat, or foil blanket from a first aid kit.
- Monitor their injury and breathing, even if they are wrapped up.
Emergency Response
Shock is a medical emergency. Dial emergency services (EMS) and inform them of the situation. Keep the person lying down and, if they must get up, do so slowly and carefully to prevent fainting.
Fainting
Fainting is a mild form of shock and can be treated similarly, though EMS is not usually required as recovery is typically quick.
Conclusion
Understanding the different types of shock and how to respond appropriately can save lives. Always prioritise the safety and warmth of the person, and seek professional medical help when necessary.