Managing Bleeding: First Aid Guide

Introduction

Bleeding can occur from various parts of the body in the case of injury. This can be life-threatening and very distressing for both the patient and the first aider. When dealing with a bleed, remain calm and trust your training. It often looks worse than it is.

Preparing to Manage Bleeding

Always ensure you have gloves on before dealing with any type of bleeding. The first step in controlling serious bleeding is the application of direct pressure. This can be done by the patient applying pressure to the wound or by using your gloved hand. Direct pressure helps stop blood loss and assists in the clotting process.

Applying a Pressure Bandage

For cuts, you can apply a sterile pressure bandage. Ensure the bandage is within its expiry date. If an expired bandage is all you have, use it as a last resort. To apply the dressing:

1. Open the packet by tearing the end and removing the dressing.
2. If there is an embedded object in the wound, do not remove it.
3. Apply direct pressure with your gloved hand and a sterile gauze pad.
4. Sit or lay the patient down to prevent further injury if they faint.
5. Ask a bystander to call for an ambulance if necessary. If alone, do this after the dressings are in place.
6. Apply the dressing distally (furthest from the heart) and wrap towards the body to avoid forcing blood past the injury.
7. Apply enough pressure to stop the bleeding without cutting off circulation.

Managing Severe Bleeding

If blood soaks through the first dressing, remove it, check the wound, and apply a fresh dressing. Dressings can hold a lot of blood; if you reach this stage, it is a serious bleed, and you need to seek medical help immediately. Once the bleeding is controlled, you can put the arm into a sling.

Checking Circulation

After applying the dressing, check circulation by squeezing a fingertip to check for capillary refill. The same principles apply to any cut, regardless of its location. For cuts on the body, apply direct pressure with a dressing pad until bleeding is controlled, or bandage it in place if possible.

Monitoring for Shock

In all cases of serious bleeding, monitor the patient for signs of shock. If they show signs of shock, lay them down and elevate their legs if possible.

Conclusion

By following these steps, you can effectively manage bleeding and provide critical first aid. Always ensure you seek professional medical help for serious injuries.